The Impact Of Climate Change On Cambodia

The Impact Of Climate Change On Cambodia Cambodia is one of the countries on the mainland of Southeast Asia. Cambodia is 181,035 square kilometer in total area, and the total number of population is nearly 14 million in 2008. Cambodia shares the border with the three countries in Asia such as Thailand, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, and Socialist of Vietnam and about 6400 kilometer in total border. Actually, 80 percent of the total populations are farmers. They grow crops, especially rice paddy, for daily use in the families and sale the surplus products to the market places to earn money for the future needs. Besides the doing agriculture, people are usually work for other people either in the rural or in the urban to make money for the families. These kinds of jobs are commonly about building, garment sectors, electricians and so on. In addition, Cambodia is one of the countries has the tropical monsoon in the region in which classify the climate in Cambodia into two different seasons respectively, the dry season and the rainy or wet season. Actually, the dry season in Cambodia commonly starts from the month of November to the month of April; and the rainy or wet season start from the month of May until the month of October, to which provide easy going for Cambodian people in doing agriculture. In fact, they can do the agriculture more than one per year. However, since there was a change in climate, most of fields in Cambodia were not usable for growing such a crop, rice paddy. Actually, in order to make it easier, we should firstly understand what the term of climate change is. The answer is that climate change is one of the most concerning global issues that have severe impacts on human securities. It is truly a long term change of climate in a specific areal or locations or we can say that climate change is the increasing of temperature on the earth that we commonly cannot see through our naked eyes. Obviously, such a dangerous issue, global warming, is not take place incidentally. There are always the factors that encourage or facilitate it to take place. In order to make this topic easier, I would raise two major factors that cause to the changing of climate; those factors are the humans activities and from the natural activities. First of all, all humans activities always affect to the environment either on the large scale or in the small scale. For example, greenhouses gases are the major actor that cause to the to the change climate. What is a greenhouse gas? Greenhouse gas is gas that happened by the construction of greenhouse. Actually, the people who are living in the cold areas have not access to grow crops and vegetable as usual. Therefore, the constructions of greenhouses are inevitable for them. Scientifically, the greenhouses are built to trap the suns heat for growing crops. Obviously, not all the heat that trapped by the greenhouse returns to the atmosphere. Therefore, it keeps warm in the houses, and it is usable for growing crops. However, these kinds of heat will lead to change of climate or called global warming. Another factor that humans activities cause to the change of climate is the wealthy of the people. Actually, when people become wealthier, they would change their behavior of consumpt ion of goods or services to the new products to facilitate their daily living standard. For a real example, in order to make lives more comfortable, people use modern equipment such as refrigerators, air conditioners, and cool agents, and so on. Actually, these kinds of equipment are the main factors that exploit to the environment because of the chemical substances inside are dangerous to the environment that we usually called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). It is actually the main substance that exploits the ozone layer. What is ozone layer? Scientifically, the ozone layer is layer that can be found in the atmosphere about 30 kilometers above the earth surface. It plays a very crucial role in keeping the earth not so hot, for most of Ultra Violet (UV) is absorbed by the ozone layer. Therefore, the temperature on the earth surface will be cool. In contrast, what will happen if the ozone layer is exploited? Scientifically, when ozone layer is lost, the large amount of Ultraviolet will g o directly to the earth. Therefore, the temperature will be increasing on the earth. Another factor that people do affect to the climate change is through the cutting a large amount of the tree or we call deforestation. As we can see that, forest is the main actor and plays a very significant role in keeping temperature on earth cool. Actually, most of the carbon dioxide (CO2), a main actor in increasing the temperature, is usually absorbed by the trees, and the trees convert such a bad substance to Oxygen (O2) to which useful for human beings. Moreover, forest also plays a very important role in balancing the number of carbon dioxide. However what will happen when a large about of the forest is cut down? Actually, when the number of population increases, their demands for daily lives also increase. Therefore, they have to cut down the forest for building house, to make land usable for growing crops. Scientifically, when the trees were cut or burned down, the carbon dioxide will immediately go back to the atmosphere. Obviously, Carbon dioxide is the main actor that h elps accelerate the processing of trapping the suns heat. When there is a large amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the temperature will be hotter and hotter. The second major factor that cause to the climate change is through the natural activities. First of all, I would raise the case of forest fire. Forest fire sometimes happen when the temperature in the forest is hot or when there is lightning. Scientifically, Carbon dioxide is easily backed to the atmosphere when there is getting involved with the fire. Obviously, forest fire may take long time, so the number of Carbon dioxide that releases to the atmosphere will be larger. Therefore, the temperature on the earth will gradually increase. Another factor that cause to the climate change is the eruption of volcanoes. When there is eruption, the environment in the region will be polluted. In fact, the smoke from the eruption consists of toxic substances that affects to the environment such as gases, carbon dioxide, and sulphur oxide and aerosol. Most interestingly, climate change has severe impact on human being around the world, especially for the people living in the developing countries. Obviously, for most the developing countries like Cambodia is not a main factor that cause to the climate change. However, Cambodia is still affected by the changing of climate on the same level as the main contributors. Specifically, Cambodian people are facing some problems under climate change. First of all, people in some provinces in Cambodia have no access to grow crops, especially rice paddy. There are drought and flood in the provinces to which delay people from growing crops. For example, Kampong Speu is one of the provinces in Cambodia that experienced in drought. People find it hard in growing any kind of crops because of the drought. It was difficult to plough the field because the soil is too dry. At the same time, the land became unusable, infertile, for crops to grow. Therefore, a large number of people immigrated to the city to look for jobs. Some people immigrated to the third countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and currently Korea to earn for the families that are waiting for their money. Another example that affected by the climate change is that for some provinces such as Prey Veng and Kampong Cham experienced in flooding. In fact, people in these two provinces usually do the agriculture during the rainy season, in September of the year. Because there was flood in the rice field for long time, people late in practicing in agriculture. Therefore, they have to wait until water become lower. Obviously, the late of doing agriculture may cause many problems for the farmers such as there is not enough water for the rice to grow, there are pests that eat and exploit the rice stalk and the field becomes infertile. As a result, many people immigrated from the provinces to work in the city. Actually, when large numbers of people keep going to the city, it would make the city unstable and difficult for the government to take control. Similarly, climate change also affected to the human security in Cambodia for a few consequences. First, most Cambodian people, especially to the young people under the age of five, are affected by the diseases. Obviously, most of Cambodian people, especially the people who are living in the rural areas, are depending on the water from the nature sources such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and stream and so on. When there is a changing in climate, it causes the quality water in those sources become shallow the water become more polluted. When people took the water to use for cooking, drinking, and washing, they were affected by this factor, especially for the young people, because they had a weak anti-bacterial system in their bodies. Moreover, one of the most serious diseases that have severe impact on the young people was diarrhea. Statistically from the Ministry of Health of Cambodia, around 12,500 Cambodian people die per year. Because of the bad impact of the climate change in Cambodia, both state and non-state actors have found out new strategies and solutions in reducing the serious effects of the climate change. First, non-state actors are playing a very crucial role in fighting against the climate change. Actually, there are a few strategies that non-state actor such as NGOs practicing to reduce the climate changes effects. Initially, NGOs are trying to promote education system for the poor people who are living in the rural areas in Cambodia. They believe that educational system is key role that help people escape from the poverty. When people become literate, they will stop cutting down the forest. They will change their perception of cutting down forest and think about important factors of forest for lives for lives to live harmoniously, for it helps reducing the effects of climate change. At the same time, they may look for other jobs that can also make money for their families such as ecotourism. Another strategy that NGOs in Cambodia help reducing the effects of climate change, they promote reforestation for people living in the rural areas. Actually, if people want to cut down a tree, they have to grow another to for the future use. When the people keeping practicing this strategy, there will be a stability of forest in Cambodia and climate change will gradually be reduced. Similarly, Royal Government of Cambodia is trying very hard in looking for the solution that can deal with the effect of climate change on Cambodia citizens. First thing that the government of Cambodia uses to reduce the effects of climate change is conservation of forest. They try to keep the amount of forest cover to about 60 percent by promoting on both private and public institutions to reforestation. It is one of the affective ways to cope with the expansion of the climate change. Second, the government keeps their eyes on community forestry. Obviously, community forestry helps preventing from any kind of illegal deforestation and land enlargement activities. Finally, in order to make the awareness of Cambodian people, especially for younger generation, the government of Cambodia has inserted the subject of climate change to the formal study subjects. The government wants people to be aware of the climate change and what are the strategies that help protect the environment. In conclusion, climate change totally affected to everyone one round the world. Although a country such as Cambodia was not the main contributor to the climate change, the effects of climate change still affected on Cambodia on the level as the main contributor once. The climate change causes the rice fields in Cambodia became infertile and did not usable for growing rice. Also, a large number of people moved from the rural areas into the city to look for any job to support their families. Moreover, diseases were taken place under the effects of climate change. However, climate change was immediately responded by the two actors, state and non-state actors, NGOs. Both played very important role in reducing the effects of climate change respectively. Finally, if these two main actors standstill on their commitment, I optimistically believe that the word climate change will gradually be eliminated and the environment will be as normal as the ancient time before there was getting involve by word climate change.

Notes on How to Write a Good Essay

Robert Cormier’s book ‘Heroes’ opens by introducing us to the main character Francis Cassavant, a ex-military soldier, wounded by a grenade from when he fought in World War Two. There are three main characters in this book; Francis, Larry and Nicole. Throughout this book Cormier gives an insight into how all these characters interlock, with Francis’ mission, to kill Larry LaSalle. In the first chapter of this book Cormier introduces us to the main character of Francis Cassavant, and how he is presented as a hero; this chapter is based entirely on his appearance after a grenade attack from when he fought in the war. Francis’ appearance has obviously changed dramatically as he refers to his face as a ‘gargoyle’ and that he has ‘no face’. Francis also refers to himself as the ‘hunchback of Notre Dame’ and that he is ugly with ‘no ears to speak of’ and ‘the absence of my nose’. This suggests that that he has been in a terrible accident and instantly makes you empathise, and feel sorry for him, but as you further progress through the book you see that maybe that Francis isn’t the hero and as innocent as he seems at first glance. To add further detail Cormier describes his nostrils as ‘two small caves’. This portrays his face as almost like a monster or a mutant. We can infer from the text that Francis has low self esteem and has little or no confidence in himself and when his doctor says ‘don’t expect anyone to pick you for a dance’ doesn’t really help with the fact when he knows he’s ‘not normal’. Francis hides his face with scarves, a hat and a bandage fastened with safety pins, hiding his face tell us that he does not want to be recognised or perhaps to be seen by anyone he knows in Frenchtown. People glance at me in surprise’ and ‘I don’t blame them’ shows that Francis is obviously repulsed and disgusted by the way he looks but isn’t afraid to say so, and also if he looks terrifying and repulsive, he isn’t going to be thought of as a hero. After in depth of describing the physical description of Francis, Cormier then moves on to the main plot, Francis’ mission to kill Larry LaSalle, dropping in little hints and sending up an ‘our father’ and ‘ ail Mary’ and ‘glory be’ for Larry LaSalle, and sending up prayers for Nicole Renard, instantly bringing all the three main characters together but still keeping them separate and not knowing why they are interlocked and how everything is more complicated then it seems behind the eyes of Francis, Larry and Nicole, and how Francis and possibly Larry could either be heroes or cowards. Making Francis seem like an innocent war hero is an interesting and unusual move to make because it makes you feel sorry for Francis at the beginning but as the story unfolds you see that there is more than meets the eye about Francis and how his ‘heroic status’ isn’t as heroic as it seems. One of the ways Cormier presents the concept of heroes is in chapter nine, the chapter when Larry LaSalle reveals he is going off to the ‘fight the japs’ in the Second World War. So when the news first broke that Japan had bombed Pearl Harbour in an attack, a wave of frenzy and fear washed over America. People had ‘patriotic fever’ meaning that they weren’t just feeling patriotic about their country; it was as though a fever had taken over and had plagued through everyone. That day Larry LaSalle stood before everyone in the wreck centre, his ‘movie-star smile gone replace with grim faced determination’ he was ready to go and ‘fight the japs’ he announced that he was going to war, he had ‘anger that we had never seen before flashing in his eyes’. From the quote we realise that Larry is passionate about fighting for his country, but from the way he displays and announces that he is leaving and going to war and when he says ‘none of that kids’ (referring to when the kids clap when he announces he’s going to war) ‘I’m just doing what millions of others are doing’ he almost says it in a way that he wants to be recognised even more as a hero, and he also tries to make it seem as though it’s not important about what he’s doing, but by the way he flaunts it he makes it seem like he’s doing some great and powerful favour for America and the people of Frenchtown. This shows the concept of heroes because as soon as the opportunity comes along to be a hero, Larry will grab it in an instant and makes sure that everyone knows about it and about how it’s making him a hero. This chapter explains the events from Larry returning home, to the episode that happens at the end of the chapter and that is when we come to realise Francis’ hatred for Larry LaSalle. When the crowd are waiting for Larry’s arrival, we see that he is described as ‘Lt. Lawrence LaSalle, US Marines Corps, holder of the silver star’ from this quote we can immediately see that he is being shown as a hero. He is also the star of ‘newsreels’ and ‘radiobroadcasts’ making his seem very important; like a vip – almost a god as far as the town are concerned. They describe him as ‘a bright pied piper’ saying that he can get the towns children to follow him. It shows that he is quite a powerful and a big role model in the children of Frenchtown and maybe not only with children, the adults also seem to love, worship and adore him. In Larry’s actual arrival those there to greet him add the heroic atmosphere. The town goes to greet him at the station, adults, old people and children from the wreck centre are all there to meet this so called hero. When he arrives you instantly remember his ‘movie star smile’ revealing his popularity and confidence. ‘We cheered’ this shows that he is loved and respected by his fellow people and people look up to him as a ‘hero’. You could still see ‘a touch of Fred Astaire in his walk’ implying that he still is the same old Larry, but now ‘lethal’. Him being described as lethal implies that he has changed from coming back from the war; he’s thinner, sleeker. My war hero’ people shout from the crowd. People are proud of him for fighting for their country, they really respect him. ‘Ribbons and medals on his chest’ are a visible representation of him being a hero. Physically the descriptions of Larry show how much he has changed from being a cool dancer to a ‘slen der, knife like killing machine’ he has now changed into a ‘knife-like’ and ‘lethal’ with sharper details, the hero that we saw before has now become a ‘superhero’ in the town’s eyes. ‘You are our celebration’ the mayor proclaims to Larry, emphasising Larry’s heroic status. He is now the town’s hero when he is given ‘the silver key to the city’ people would immediately think that he is of high heroic status is the mayor gives him something so important to the city. When he gives his big speech he says ‘we need to keep the world safe for these young people’ saying this he is almost trying to cover up for what he does later. At the celebration, towards the end Larry tries to get Francis to leave the wreck centre, so he can have ‘one last dance’ with Nicole, he says that ‘this is important’ and he manipulates Francis. Just me and her alone’ makes it feel like something terrible is going to happen. So Francis leaves, ‘I’ve got to go, you and Larry stay. One last dance’ his words sounding false as though Larry placed them in his mouth. She wants him to ‘stay and watch’ but he leaves, to his and Nicole’s misfortune. When the attack happens, it shows just how unheroic and cowardly both Larry and Francis are. ‘In the shadows of the hallway’ Francis lurks waiting for Nicole to leave the Wreck centre, but then Larry does the most inexplicable, disgusting thing, he sexually assaulted her. A sound that could have been a moan and a rustle of clothing’ even though Francis knew something was going on in there, he still couldn’t pluck the courage to go see if his girlfriend was alright. When she ‘stumbles out of the hallway’ she sees Francis, and he saw ‘the betrayal of her in her eyes’ as she runs away, Francis hears Larry, this now shows how wrong people were about Larry and about how he is not a hero but something of the complete opposite ‘whistling the tune-‘dancing in the dark’ as though he had done nothing wrong, that this was no rmal. It’s amazing that the heart makes no noise when it cracks’ Francis is truly heartbroken, and it shows just how cowardly Francis and Larry can both be. In chapter 14, we see how much of a hero Francis could be when we finally get to the part where he goes to kill Larry LaSalle, Larry is no longer a hero. When he sees Larry you can see that Larry’s physical appearance has changed drastically as he’s ‘yellowed with age’, a bit ‘feeble now’, and ‘fragile now’, with ‘white hands’. Larry is not innocent’ and no longer a hero. Francis explains his unannounced visit, with a gun in his hands. Larry ‘rises slowly’ from his chair as Francis begins to question him. ‘You were our hero’ Larry was their hero, he did everything for the people of Frenchtown and now his heroic status had just fallen through the roof, ‘ no more sweet young things’ Larry says, saying as though its normal to sexually assault someone who’s young. Even there heat is sweet’ he says giving Francis even more of a reason to kill him, but he falters when Larry says ‘does that on sin wipe away all the good things. ’ He falters because he’s probably thinking about what he did for him, with the Table tennis and if it wasn’t for Larry renewing the Wreck Centre, Francis would never had been with Nicole, with all these mixed emotions and feelings Francis walks away. But when Francis walks away ‘the sound of a pistol shot cracks in the air’ Larry LaSalle had shot himself. Cormier presents the idea of heroes in his novel, one by setting it in the time of World War Two, which has lots of potential for heroes because theirs the concept of being a soldier. He also presents the idea of heroes by making two characters seem like heroes at first glance but then stripping them of their heroic status by things that come to haunt them from the past that had never been dealt with. Also with Nicole Renard and how she is the innocent victim in this and how one incident made both Francis and Larry cowards and very un-heroic.

The Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing - 1502 Words

In recent studies scientist claim that animal testing is beneficial to the advancement of human knowledge, while animal rights’ activists claim that animal testing is not humane and violates animals’ rights. The controversy over animal testing is best understood as a disagreement about whether animal testing is beneficial to humans. Each year more than 100 million animals are killed in the U.S. Every country has a law that permits medical experimentation on animals. While some countries protect particular kinds of animals from being subject to extermination. Britain has some of the strictest laws and regulations in the world that exists as a positive step for both animal testing supporters and those who are against it. There are†¦show more content†¦Animals must experience the effects on the one drug and if it involves pain, this presents an unfortunate conundrum for researchers. As a result of the controversy with animal testing, more media attention ha s occurred in terms of animal care in animal facilities. Support is also geared at protecting humans, not simply producing new life-saving drugs. The science community cares about this debate because animal testing helps biomedical researchers learn more about toxicology, physiology, science, and much more. The supporters believe that the end result of saved lives justifies the means of using animal testing. Is an important question asked most recently. Despite, having a look at both sides involved in the controversy of animal testing, there is still no right or wrong that seems to appease everyone. Stakeholders in this controversy are the scientists and animal protection. The main question they all are trying to answer is, â€Å"Should we stop experimenting on animals for biomedical research?† In a Lone Star College article â€Å"save the animals: stop animal testing†, the author asserts that animal testing exploits animals, the pain and suffering that experimental animals are subject to is not worth any possible benefits to humans; followed by that the animals are virtually tortured to death, and all of these tests are done in the interest of human welfare, without any thought to howShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing937 Words   |  4 PagesAbout Animal Testing? Kaylee Smith 9-6-2017 AGR 199 Introduction and Background Not very many people think about the fact that a majority of the products they buy have been tested on animals, let alone animal testing in general. Animal testing has been going on for many years, with the use of dogs, cats, mice, rabbits, mini pigs, and farm animals. When someone brings up animal testing there usually is an argument about the pros and cons. Many people are against it because the animals are beingRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing2973 Words   |  12 Pagescabinet has been tested on an animal at one point or another. A government funded corporation called the Food and Drug Administration, abbreviated as the FDA, is in charge of making sure that all drugs, cosmetics, biological products, and more are efficient, secure, and safe for human usage. The FDA will not allow any drug to be released or sold to the human population if it has not first been tested on animals. In fact, when a drug is first created it is tested on animals before humans are even all owedRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Animal Testing1413 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Each year in USA laboratories more then 100 million animals are burned, poisoned and lamed (Top 5 Shocking Animal Experimentation Facts). Each year scientists use animals in order to progress, to improve life of people and animals. However, many testing animals suffer and die. But others do not agree and support the fact that we should use animals because of advance. So what are advantages and disadvantages of using animals? This problem will be researched from different areas such asRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1074 Words   |  5 Pages Animal Testing is a enormous upset in the word today. Animal activist have been trying to put an end to it for years , but to no avail. Animal testing is when scientist will use animals to do experiments on . They will either hook heavy machinery to these poor defenseless animals or inject them with harsh chemicals just to see if its okay for human use. Over 26 millions of animals are used every year in just the united states alone for these cruel acts by the hand of man. Testing on animals haveRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing1288 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Each animal bred or used for research, whether a mouse, fish, or monkey, is an individual capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and distress† (â€Å"Animal† 2013). The advancements in technology today had sparked a debate worldwide on whether it is right or wrong to use animals for experimentation in laboratories. With newl y advanced scientific technology, experts are able to utilize advanced technology to simulate functions of the human body on a much smaller scale, including microchips of humanRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing2487 Words   |  10 PagesMillions of animals suffer painfully and even die as an outcome of scientific research. The effects of drugs, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products slowly kill innocent animals every year. Although some people believe animal testing is necessary, others firmly believe that the alternatives choices that have been discovered over the years are the way to go. Especially because these choices are cheaper, more reliable and do not harm animals. This essay looks into the pros and cons of animalRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1725 Words   |  7 PagesEach year, more than 100 million animals are experimented on in U.S. laboratories. These experiments are for things such as biology lessons, medical training, curiosity -driven experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.(Procon writers) Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Animal testing is controversial and people findRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing826 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing, although extremely debated, is something that should no longer be practiced anywhere around the world. Let’s start by taking a look at just how much animal testing is practiced in the United States as well as in other countries. The article called, â€Å"Animal Use Statistics† from the Humane Society International, says, â€Å"Only a small proportion of countries collect and publish data concerning their use of animals for testing and research, but it is estimated that more than 115 millionRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Testing905 Words   |  4 PagesAni mal testing has been the target of animal cruelty groups since the beginning of its existence, but the benefits it provides, humans and animals far greater than the type of method that is used to get the results. Scientists Karl Landsteiner’s success in finding a cure to polio is an example of how the benefits of animal testing helped better future human lives. In his experiments he discovered that Polio viruses had three variations, meaning that they would have to produce a product that couldRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing On Animals1896 Words   |  8 PagesHow many animals do you think are used each year in the United States, alone for scientific and commercial animal testing? What if I told you, 26-million animals, remember just in the United States, are used yearly. Animal testing has been used for research since at least 500 B.C. Some people, such as Scientists, say it has extremely revolutionized the society that we are today, such as being able to have v accines. If it was not for animals testing, we would not have the Hepatitis B shot. In contrast

If Inequality Is Increasing, Are We Likely to See More...

The question assumes that there is a linear relationship between inequality and armed conflict; the rise of the former inevitably leads to the increase of the latter. However, in the absence of functioning communism or utopian egalitarianism, we need to concede that our world is full of inequalities, but not all parts of the world are equally ridden by conflict. Moreover, large N-studies of civil war, conducted over the past few years, all seem to conclude that inequality is not directly linked to the risk of civil war (CollierHoeffler, 2004: 563-595; Fearon Laitin, 2003: 75-90; Hegre, Gissinger, Gleditsch, 2003: 251-276). Following this lead, I will argue for a non-linear link between inequality and conflict and for the multi-causality†¦show more content†¦Contradictory results might be explained by emphasising the diversity of the term ‘inequality’. Mount (2008:3), classifies four different forms of inequality: political inequality, inequality of opportunitie s, inequality of treatment in society, inequality of membership in society. To this list we could add the, partly overlapping, categories of inequality of race, gender, status, class, age, income, inequality of access to resources, education and medical services. At any given place and time, the specific constellation and degree of various forms of inequality will be unique. Can we expect distinct constellations and levels of inequality to conform to the simple linear relationship suggested in the title? Besanà §on’s (2005) findings that different socio-political set-ups have differing results with regards to conflict are but one hint towards greater complexity. As a result, she associates herself with academics suggesting that causes for all types of civil wars and armed conflict are not necessarily parallel. Instead, she argues, a micro-analysis of specific cases might prove more fruitful. A claim for complexity can be further underpinned by invoking Stewart’s (2000 ) analysis of horizontal inequality. Structurally, one can distinguish between vertical inequality, which is based on objectively quantifiable differences between people (e.g. income, wealth, etc.) andShow MoreRelatedRape Police Authority And Power1030 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The finding that young black men are twenty one times as likely as their white peers to be killed by police is drawn from reports filed for the years 2010 to 2012, the three most recent years for which FBU numbers are available (Deadly Force).† Looking at this report from ProPublica, lethal weapons have been used by police upon black men throughout the time, and the numbers have been increasing every upcoming years. Ferguson is one of the example about abusing police authority and power. 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Rhetorical Analysis of Walter White Essay - 1098 Words

Nick L’Italien Ms. McClain English 123 January 29, 2013 A Split Personality – Morals Against Corruption With reality shows taking over airtime nowadays, psychological thrillers in television are a rare genre. Admittedly, it can be a tasking genre to develop a show around, but Vince Gilligan has managed to create, quite possibly one of the greatest shows ever, Breaking Bad. In the pilot episode, the audience was introduced to Walter White, a middle-aged high school Chemistry teacher. He sounds like an average, typical man, but he was introduced in the most peculiar way. Gilligan opened this award-winning show with Walter, underwear-clad, holding a pistol, next to a crashed R.V. in the middle of the desert. The audience questioned†¦show more content†¦The newfound distributor turned out to be a sociopath, so in order to protect his identity Walter created the alias Heisenberg for himself. This was the point when Walter’s psychological health began decaying rapidly. Walter’s one wrong turn after another was taking a toll on him and his home life. He became the ma n he once hated, a man who his family could no longer trust. His time away from home living his secret life became extremely suspicious to his wife, Skylar. She knew about his cancer, but not of his life in the drug realm. In a very intense episode in which Walter was to meet up with this sociopathic distributor, everything takes a turn for the worst. The distributor takes him prisoner for almost 48 hours, and almost kills him. This obviously brought concern to his wife, who had no idea where Walter might be. Once everything had been resolved, Walter made a daring move to reappear miles away from home, naked, in a supermarket. He told his family, friends, and even doctors that â€Å"I blacked out. I don’t remember anything for the past 24 hours. These doctors have me on so many pills that it must be affecting me.† (Gilligan S2Ep3). 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Effects of Music on the Unborn Child Free Essays

string(110) " out that if the child plays an instrument that the child is better at math and special thinking \(Robledo\)\." Music can be used to influence people’s mood and has been used to attempt to affect the brain of a child in its mother’s womb. Some people think that having an unborn child listen to different types of music will have different effects on how the child will grow. Some people believe that music has no influence while others believe that if they introduce their unborn child to classical music the baby will grow up to be smarter than the kid who either listened to other types of music or no music while in the womb. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Music on the Unborn Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now Studies have been done on how music can affect an unborn, and many different results have come from these studies. Not only can the unborn child actually hear the music, but the child will remember the song even after they are born. ?Music affects attitudes as well as thoughts. According to the book titled What to Listen for in Music by Aaron Copland, there are four elements of music: rhythm, melody, harmony, and tone color. Each of these elements are not heard by themselves but are heard together as one sound. Each part of music has a special and unique way wherewith we interpret and react to it. Rhythm comes first in the musical elements because many historians say that music started with a beating of a rhythm. Whether it was the cavemen with branches or another group rhythm was the first element of music found (Copland, 33). The second element, melody, is second because rhythm is more of a physical motion and so melody is experienced as a mental emotion. The melody is the most crucial part of the music. It is the only subjective portion of music that the audience rejects or accepts by itself (Copland, 49). Harmony, the third element, is the most sophisticated. The harmony was the most recently discovered and has been greatly appreciated (Copland, 61). The last element, tone color, is the quality of sound produced by a particular musical instrument (Copland, 78). Aaron Copland later goes on to explain the difference of how we listen to music now compared to how we listened when we were in the womb. We have little to no say in what we listen to when we were in the womb; we can only enjoy it or kick relentlessly hoping that it will change. ?Some studies have been done by David Tame in his book The Secret Power of Music. In it he says â€Å"music has been found to affect the body in two distinct ways, directly on the cells and organs and indirectly by affecting the emotions, which, in turn, influence numerous bodily processes. Sounds projected into liquid media have coagulated proteins. So teenagers have brought soft eggs to rock concerts, hich became hard-boiled — wonder what happens in our own bodies† (Tame, 173) After reading this, it does make one wonder why we listen to something that can have such a negative effect and be so bad. Most people chose music their parents raised them on or something completely different. Tame later says in his book that people who listen to rock music have led lives that were much more destructive to themselves and to others than people who had listened to classical music. David Tame also did studies on plants and animals and how they respond to the different music. In a study performed classical music had appeared to bring more produce and better looking flowers than rock music (Tame, 196). ?According to BBC, Dr. Lamont did a study where the same song was played for the last three months of the pregnancy and then was played again after the child was born, even after they were a year old they recognized the song (BBC, Womb Music: How Will Music Affect oner Unborn Child? ). Another study done by Dr. Lamont concluded that â€Å"that there was no evidence that playing classical music to babies helps to make their brains develop. Dr. Lamont has done many studies for this topic and could be considered an expert. She has discovered much information for example: babies can hear just twenty weeks after conception and can remember a song for at least twelve months, and that babies cannot only remember the songs but they prefer these songs (BBC, Babies Remember womb music). ?Another study was done at the Education Oasis on how music affects babies in the womb, and they said that music does not make a baby smarter but it does prepare it for particular ways of thinking. The effect the music has does not last long but can be used to do tasks more quickly (Bales). They figured out, through many experiments, that although music did not make the babies smarter it did make their brains ready to learn and grow. The babies who listened to classical music were more ready to learn than the babies, who had listened to country, rock, folk, dance, or nothing at all (Bales). ?Although there is still controversy on whether or not music can make the brain smarter or not, more research has been done to observe the effects of music on newborns. Researchers from Brigham Oneng University studied the effects of music on thirty-three premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at Utah Valley Regional Medical Center in Provo. Cassette players piped voices of men and women singing lullabies into each baby’s ears for forty minutes a day for four days. When doctors examined the babies on the fourth day, they found that babies who had been exposed to music gained more weight, and had lower blood pressure and a stronger heartbeat than the other (Robledo). Their research shows that music can help strengthen premature babies; however, these researchers still have yet to figure out if music can improve a child’s intellect. It is hard to study the intelligence level of babies when they cannot talk or write. When studying three and four year olds these researchers have found out that if the child plays an instrument that the child is better at math and special thinking (Robledo). You read "Effects of Music on the Unborn Child" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Oner goal should be to cultivate a love for music in oner child, not to create the next Mozart. It should be about having fun and exposing oner child to new sounds and rhythms† (Robledo). My mother listened to two genres of music when I was in her womb: eighties rock and RB. I would kick and dance for her when she played the rock music and she used RB to put me to sleep. It worked as a oneng child too; my mother has videos of me kicking and screaming for joy when she played AC/DC, Bon Jovi, the Beastie Boys, Duran Duran, Journey, Whitesnake, and U2. Whenever either of my parents wanted to put me to sleep, they would play Prince, Stevie Wonder, Al B. Sure, Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross, Soul II Soul, or Earth, Wind, and Fire. These genres have had an impact on my upbringing. Like most children I stuck to what I knew when it came for me to buy my first compact disk. The quote â€Å"The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree† applies very much so to me as it does to most children when they pick what they like and what they do not; I chose a nineties rock and alternative. I liked bands that were like the bands that I listened to in my mother’s womb, but I also liked having my own music to like. The music I chose sounds similar to the music my mother would have me listen to, but it was something my dad would not sing every word to, so I liked it. My dad is not the best singer, so if I can only get a hum then my music is more enjoyable. ?A year or two later, my mother was pregnant again. This time she was told by the doctors that her baby was to be born with many brain defects. She looked for many ways to keep her unborn baby from being born with the brain deficiencies. She had watched on the local news that babies were being born with an unbelievable intelligence from their mothers playing classical music while the unborn baby was still in the womb. There was another mother whom had said that the doctors had told her that her baby was supposed to be born with brain efects but her baby was born with no defects at all and she thanked her lucky stars on classical music. My mother thought it was worth a try since music was not thought of to hurt a baby’s brain. While she had classical music on headphone around her womb, she had rock music on a second pair for her and me to enjoy. My brother was born with some brain deficiencies; he is a slow school learner but is extremely fast at learning musical instruments. If one gives him an instrument in five minutes he will learn how to compose sound, in fifteen he knows notes, and in thirty he can play a song from memory. In everything else my brother is slow at learning and is slightly dyslexic. My mother thought the classical music had helped, so when she was pregnant again she had the new unborn baby listen to classical music as well. This one was born with terrible eye sight, deaf in one ear, dyslexic, and on the verge of being mentally handicapped. Classical music through a personal study has shown to have no intellectual effect on the unborn child. Every now and again a â€Å"musical genius† is born. These children are extremely gifted in music and can play, compose and understand music with an unimaginable capacity. Although, some may imagine that we cannot measure musical greatness or potential in children before they discover it themselves. There is a way. In the book titled Musical Ability in Children by Arnold Bentley, he describes ways that we can test the musical ability and potential in children. After all, he says â€Å"musical ability is primarily a mental ability. † He goes on to tell how to test children, but he says that this can be a difficult task especially if the children are not old enough to handle the challenge of the tests (Bentley). According to these studies, there are too many variables to consider when having a child and exposing them to the different array of music that we have today. For example, the child may be born already a genius and the classical music could impair his way of thinking, there are also some disabilities a child can be born with that music just will not be the fix, the baby may reject the music altogether because the baby still remembers what has happened before in the premortal life and knows that he should be listening to a different type or knows a better type for him to listen to. Music is a stimulant. We listen to it in hard times either to make us feel better or to truly understand what the artists are saying because now we understand what they mean. We try to understand everything that we listen to, but it is sometime hard to pick up the message the artists wanted to get out in the way they present it. Music is a powerful thing that should not be taken lightly it can create emotions and pictures in our mind. Music is not something that goes away either. Once one hears a song it can be stuck in one’s mind for a very long time. Even after many years of not hearing the song it can still come back to the front of one’s mind, much faster than a memory. Music is power, and to play it to unborn children increases the parent’s power over the child by what the parents choose which music to produce for the child. How to cite Effects of Music on the Unborn Child, Essay examples

Haier Strategy Essay Example For Students

Haier Strategy Essay Haier: A Global Brand Executive Summary Haier, under the leadership of CEO Zhang Ruimin, grew from a single model refrigerator firm to the #5 white goods producer in a matter of two decades. Throughout the expansion process Haier entered over 100 countries through multiple entry modes and into other industries. The 2005 financial results gave Haier reason to pause and reassess its mission and strategic intent. The primary issue was whether to continue its expansion strategy or slow down operations and engage in a stabilization strategy. After careful analysis and debate the team recommends the latter based on underutilized facilities, operational inefficiencies, and the risk involved with increasing debt. The stabilization strategy would include continued pursuit of exports and non-equity alliances; however further significant financial investments would not be pursued. A shift from a multidomestic strategy to a transnational strategy is recommended in order to centralize operations to ensure efficiency and learning, and increases accountability based on product instead of by geographical area. Background History Haier has a rich and exemplary history, one that is studied by many business experts and business schools worldwide. Haier managed to break out of the â€Å"China mold† and become a leader in the appliance industry. Haier progressed through three stages of growth and was embarking on its fourth stage of â€Å"Global Brand Building† as of 2006. The stages provide insight to Haier’s history and culture. During the â€Å"brand strategy† stage (1984-1991), Zhang Ruimin transformed the bankrupt Qingdao Refrigerator Factory from a single model refrigerator manufacturer into the number one refrigerator brand in China with sales of US$125M in 1991. The culture of the collective-owned enterprise allowed for a highly unmotivated work force. Zhang changed the culture through historical events such as destroying 76 defective refrigerators with a sledgehammer and forcing errant workers to confess failures while standing on red footprints. These symbolic actions are still acknowledged today. Strict controls on quality, productivity, and after-sales service gave Haier a competitive advantage over Chinese competitors, catapulting it to the first place position. The â€Å"diversification strategy† stage (1991-1998) was a period of intense competition. Haier faced intense domestic competition as competitors emulated Haier’s approach to quality and productivity. Additionally, some foreign competitors entered the market. Haier sought an advantage through an emphasis on after-sales service and diversification into other products. It also recognized the need to export products overseas. Haier’s â€Å"activating shock fish† efforts, in which it acquired poorly managed firms with good tangible assets and made them profitable, allowed it to diversify within the white goods industry and enter the brown goods industry (televisions). In fact it did this with 14 such companies. Haier emerged as the #1 white goods producer in China by 1998 with dozens of product lines. Global efforts resulted in 1/3 of sales coming from abroad and total sales of $US1. 38B in 1997. During the â€Å"internationalization strategy† stage (1998–2005) Haier aggressively pursued global efforts to create a global brand name. By 2005 Haier was the #5 white goods producer worldwide with 95% of its products branded as â€Å"Haier†. Unlike many Chinese OEMs it did not rely on low-cost labor and sell to foreign brands. Haier basically followed the â€Å"internationalization process† entering markets by exporting and graduating to non-equity alliances followed by joint ventures. Haier also created foreign subsidiaries with industrial parks in South Carolina and Pakistan. It tended to gain a foothold through niche markets, such as mini-refrigerators and wine cellars in the U. S. It tackled the tougher markets first and sold under the â€Å"Haier† name. Haier accrued a wealth of â€Å"globalization† knowledge over a few short years. Zhang believed that globalization required a high level of localization and that (intellectual property) was necessary for survival. To this end, the firm pursued a multidomestic strategy thereby creating autonomous operations in major markets, as well as founding 12+ RD centers and 18 trading companies. The strategy proved sound with sales of US$13. 1B for 2005 (US$4B from overseas). The first three stages of growth culminated in a corporate culture that simultaneously pushed for increased quality, productivity, and innovation. Entering the fourth stage, â€Å"Global Brand Building†, Haier aspired to strengthen its global presence through its existing culture and further expansion into foreign markets. Zhang had his sights on creating a truly global brand name and becoming the #1 white goods provider. Haier’s record was impeccable until the 2005 financial data proved otherwise. The 35% drop in net profits prompted experts to debate whether Haier truly had the potential to become a global brand. The following section speculates on the current underlying issues related to the case. Issue Identification The symptoms that surface during this case are as follows: * 35% drop in net profits between 2004 and 2005 China market: profits and margins down since 2001, operating costs up since 2000 * Overseas sales = 1/3 of total sales; however overseas sales 1/3 of profit * Significant losses due to mobile phone business * Some facilities are underutilized (Zhang stated â€Å"we don’t need more production capability†¦ we need higher design level and a bigger sales network) * Lost bid for Maytag to global giant Whirlpool * Some experts claim Haier did not achieve global bran d status and doubted its ability to do so The facts in the case lead us to surmise the following underlying issues. Diversification: In line with Chinese culture, Haier believes in the philosophy that â€Å"bigger is better†. This certainly has some validity. There are gains with respect to economies of scale and synergy with other products. Additionally, as more goods display the â€Å"Haier† name, brand recognition increases. Also, unrelated ventures may prove profitable. The risk is that Haier is jeopardizing its core competency of white goods by utilizing resources elsewhere (spreading itself thin). The goal is to achieve appropriate balance, the concern is that Haier has overextended itself. Localization: Zhang believes globalization equals localization, which also has its merits. Speed to market and understanding the local culture and customer preferences is important. However, one could argue that speed to market is not as important for appliances since longevity (durability) is desirable. Some electronics products Haier offers requires quick turnaround, such as cell phones, however these are not the focus of expansion efforts. The other argument is that â€Å"the world is flat†, meaning customer preferences are converging as people are increasingly exposed to the rest of the world. Does The Government Control Our Rights? EssayIt is presumed that Haier engages in supply chain management. Firm: Haier needs to reassess its mission and strategic intent. The â€Å"Strategic Management Process†, which includes a SWOT analysis, provides this framework (Appendix A). As stated earlier, achieving a â€Å"global brand name† is not an optimal mission due to promotion of unprofitable activities. The firm needs to reassess whether it should continue with expansion efforts at this point. Allowing the process to â€Å"catch-up† might be in order. The current structure of the firm may not allow for proper evaluation systems. Underutilized facilities suggests Haier needs to increase exports in order to achieve economies of scale. Adjustments to the degree of localization may also be in order thereby increasing efficiency. Finally, the company needs to address the failing cell phone business (divest) and should leverage its ability to turn around failing firms. Alternatives Alternative #1 Growth Strategy (Status Quo) Haier continues pursuits of growth through significant investment with the intent of achieving a â€Å"global brand† status. Haier continues the current path of head offices in â€Å"ten target markets† and â€Å"20 factories by 2010†. Australia, South America, and Russia should be considered as well. This allows for localization of products and capitalizes on emerging markets. However, this requires significant investment and compromises economies of scale (significant operations in so many countries may not be warranted). Haier’s financial capability is questionable and increasing debt increases risk. Alternative #2 – Stability Strategy Haier stabilizes operations and focuses on becoming a leader in the home appliance industry through innovation, quality, and efficiency. Continuation of the brown goods operations allows for revenue and brand awareness. Haier alters some of its current goals, to be revisited later. Once the firm has current operations under control it may determine that 10 head offices and 20 factories is not optimal. Haier will continue pursuing other markets for exporting and non-equity alliances only. Alternative #3 – Retrenchment Strategy into White Goods Industry Haier pursues its core competency with the intent of becoming a global leader in the appliance industry. Haier divests brown goods based on the state of market and divests all unrelated assets (i. . , tourism) creating capital to invest in appliances and fund global efforts. Haier should focus on global ranking instead of â€Å"global brand†, and evaluate operations for efficiency gains. The downside is a loss of profitable products that help spread the brand name. This option is not recommended. Alternative #4 – Retrenchment into Brown Goods Industr y Haier pursues the potentially higher profit margin industry, with the intent of becoming a leader in the electronics industry. Selling the white goods and other unrelated operations will provide financial capital. Haier has some experience in electronics; however the cell phone disaster demonstrates its lack of expertise. Although Haier claims a quick-to-market philosophy, electronics is much more intense than appliances. Haier would need to hire expert industry leaders to lead this effort, and it would need to modify its culture. The main concerns are that Haier is giving up its core competency of white goods, unlikely to achieve â€Å"global brand† status, may not get full value for divested operations, and most importantly it may be the eventual demise of the firm. This option is not recommended. Recommendations After careful debate between expansion and stabilization the team recommends stabilization at this point in time. It does not want to overextend itself financially and it needs to reevaluate current operations, which is difficult to do during expansion. It is assumed that the current organization lacks the ability to adequately monitor and control operations on a high level. The company has underutilized facilities which need to be addressed. There is no immediate threat or out of the ordinary opportunity. Note exporting to new markets is considered normal business and would continue. The reduced effort on expansion reduces early-mover advantage; however the risk of unprofitability takes precedence. Our recommendation includes shifting from a â€Å"Multi-Domestic† strategy to a â€Å"Transnational† strategy. Centralizing operations ensures efficiency and learning, and increases accountability based on product or function instead of by geographical area. Goals and Supporting Objectives 1. Global leader in white goods industry 1. 1 white goods ranking worldwide by market share by the end of 2010 2. Reorganize organization to achieve economies of scale and scope (synergy) 2. Transform to a matrix structure with center of expertise by the end 2008 3. Ensure company goals are properly pursued 3. Design appropriate incentive system that rewards teamwork by the end of 2008 4. Product groups create strategies/goals that align with overall mission by the end of 2007 4. Improve fin ancial standing 5. Divest unprofitable products (i. . , mobile cell phones) by end of 2007 6. Expand direct selling approach in main markets by the end of 2008 7. Hire electronics experts by the end of 2007 8. Create a separate group for â€Å"turn around acquisitions† by the end of 2007 Appendix A Fundamentals of Management, Robbins/DeCenzo, 6th edition, 2008 References * Fundamentals of Management, Robbins/DeCenzo, 6th edition, 2008, pages 80 – 88 * â€Å"The Internationalization Process of the Firm† paper by Johanson and Vahlne * http://dept. lamar. du/industrial/underdown/org_mana/org_structure_george. htm * Cavusgil, S. Tamer. International business: strategy, management, and the new realities/S. Tamer Cavusgil, Gary Knight, John R. Riesenberger * International Business – Competing in the Global Marketplace, 5th Ed, McGraw-Hill, 2005 * â€Å"The Competitive Advantage of Nations† paper by Michael Porter, 1990, Harvard Business Review 1990 * htt p://www. haier. com/index. htm * http://www. businessweek. com/1999/99_24/b3633071. htm on Zhang